What is the brightest galaxy in the sky?

The brightest galaxy in Earth's sky is the Large Magellanic Cloud, at magnitude 0.90, easily visible to the naked eye as a detached patch of the Milky Way from southern latitudes. Everything about Large Magellanic Cloud

Brightest galaxy in the sky
Large Magellanic Cloud
magnitude 0.90 · 163,000 ly
The top 25
#GalaxyApparent magnitudeDistance
★ 1Large Magellanic Cloudmagnitude 0.90163,000 ly
2Small Magellanic Cloudmagnitude 2.30200,000 ly
3Andromedamagnitude 3.442.5 million ly
4Triangulummagnitude 5.792.7 million ly
5Bode'smagnitude 6.9212 million ly
6Southern Pinwheel Galaxymagnitude 7.21distance unknown
7Centaurus Amagnitude 7.2212 million ly
8Pinwheelmagnitude 7.9021 million ly
9NGC 221magnitude 8.13distance unknown
10NGC 205magnitude 8.15distance unknown
11NGC 4736magnitude 8.24distance unknown
12NGC 4472magnitude 8.28distance unknown
13Cigarmagnitude 8.3012 million ly
14Whirlpoolmagnitude 8.3623 million ly
15NGC 2403magnitude 8.43distance unknown
16Fornax Amagnitude 8.4883 million ly
17Black Eyemagnitude 8.5217 million ly
18NGC 55magnitude 8.54distance unknown
19Sombreromagnitude 8.5930 million ly
20Sunflowermagnitude 8.6127 million ly
21NGC 300magnitude 8.66distance unknown
22NGC 1269magnitude 8.70distance unknown
23NGC 4649magnitude 8.7947 million ly
24NGC 4406magnitude 8.86distance unknown
25NGC 2903magnitude 8.91distance unknown

Showing the top 25 of 10,420 that qualify.

How we know

Apparent magnitude measures how bright something looks from here, and for a galaxy that mixes real output with distance and with sheer angular size. A nearby dwarf galaxy spread across several degrees of sky can outrank a giant spiral that is thousands of times more luminous but far away, which is exactly what the top of this table shows.

Magnitudes for extended objects also come with a caveat worth knowing: the figure is integrated over the whole galaxy, so a large faint smudge and a small bright point can share a magnitude while looking nothing alike through an eyepiece. Surface brightness, not total magnitude, decides what you can actually see.

Common questions

What is the brightest galaxy in the sky?

The brightest galaxy in Earth's sky is the Large Magellanic Cloud, at magnitude 0.90, easily visible to the naked eye as a detached patch of the Milky Way from southern latitudes.

What is the brightest galaxy visible from Earth?

The Large Magellanic Cloud, at magnitude 0.90. It is a satellite of the Milky Way and appears to the eye as a hazy cloud rather than as anything obviously galaxy-shaped.

Why does a small galaxy outrank Andromeda?

Because brightness is about distance as much as output. The Magellanic Clouds are twenty times closer than Andromeda and much smaller; the closeness wins. Andromeda is far more luminous in absolute terms.

How many galaxies can you see without a telescope?

About four from a genuinely dark site, and you need both hemispheres to get them all: the two Magellanic Clouds in the south, Andromeda and, for sharp eyes, Triangulum in the north.

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