What is the most massive known exoplanet?
Mass alone cannot separate the heaviest planets from the lightest failed stars, so astronomers draw the line at 13 Jupiter masses, where an object starts to burn deuterium: the most massive confirmed world on the planet side of it is 2MASS J01033563-5515561 AB b, at 13.0 times the mass of Jupiter, one of 3 catalogued at exactly that boundary. Everything about 2MASS J01033563-5515561 AB b →
| # | World | Mass | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| ★ 1 | 2MASS J01033563-5515561 AB b | 13.0× Jupiter's mass | 154 ly |
| 2 | EPIC 248847494 b | 13.0× Jupiter's mass | 1,800 ly |
| 3 | SR 12 AB c | 13.0× Jupiter's mass | 366 ly |
| 4 | HATS-70 b | 12.9× Jupiter's mass | 4,758 ly |
| 5 | OGLE-2013-BLG-0102L b | 12.9× Jupiter's mass | 9,915 ly |
| 6 | HD 24064 b | at least 12.9× Jupiter's mass | 979 ly |
| 7 | TOI-4603 b | 12.9× Jupiter's mass | 736 ly |
| 8 | GJ 2030 c | 12.8× Jupiter's mass | 121 ly |
| 9 | HD 11506 d | 12.8× Jupiter's mass | 167 ly |
| 10 | TIC 4672985 b | 12.7× Jupiter's mass | 826 ly |
| 11 | HATS-59 c | at least 12.7× Jupiter's mass | 2,097 ly |
| 12 | HD 149806 b | 12.6× Jupiter's mass | 66.1 ly |
| 13 | Kepler-407 c | 12.6× Jupiter's mass | 1,104 ly |
| 14 | CHXR 73 b | 12.6× Jupiter's mass | 621 ly |
| 15 | 2MASS J22362452+4751425 b | 12.5× Jupiter's mass | 227 ly |
| 16 | BD+20 2457 c | at least 12.5× Jupiter's mass | 5,022 ly |
| 17 | HD 87646 b | at least 12.4× Jupiter's mass | 240 ly |
| 18 | BD-14 3065 b | 12.4× Jupiter's mass | 1,922 ly |
| 19 | KMT-2020-BLG-0202L b | 12.3× Jupiter's mass | 12,524 ly |
| 20 | HD 87816 c | at least 12.2× Jupiter's mass | 435 ly |
| 21 | 2MASS J21252752-8138278 b | 12.0× Jupiter's mass | 111 ly |
| 22 | OGLE-2016-BLG-1266L b | 12.0× Jupiter's mass | 10,046 ly |
| 23 | HD 23596 b | 11.9× Jupiter's mass | 170 ly |
| 24 | KMT-2024-BLG-0349L b | 11.9× Jupiter's mass | 18,754 ly |
| 25 | iot Dra b | at least 11.8× Jupiter's mass | 102 ly |
Showing the top 25 of 6,134 that qualify.
The 13-Jupiter-mass line is a convention, not a cliff. Above it an object can fuse deuterium and is called a brown dwarf; below it, it cannot, and is called a planet. Nothing about the object itself changes at the boundary, and several of the rows at the top of this table sit within a few percent of it, which is why they are quoted at exactly 13.0 Jupiter masses in the literature.
How the objects here were found matters too. A mass from a stellar wobble is a direct dynamical measurement; a mass for a young companion seen in a direct image is a model fit, read off evolutionary tracks that depend on the object's assumed age. Both are catalogued as masses, and both appear in this table, which is the honest reason it is capped rather than crowned with confidence.
What is the most massive known exoplanet?
Mass alone cannot separate the heaviest planets from the lightest failed stars, so astronomers draw the line at 13 Jupiter masses, where an object starts to burn deuterium: the most massive confirmed world on the planet side of it is 2MASS J01033563-5515561 AB b, at 13.0 times the mass of Jupiter, one of 3 catalogued at exactly that boundary.
Why is 13 Jupiter masses the limit for a planet?
Because that is roughly where an object becomes heavy enough to fuse deuterium, a heavy form of hydrogen, in its core. It is the closest thing to a physical dividing line between a planet and a brown dwarf, so catalogs use it, but formation history matters as much as mass and some astronomers would draw the line elsewhere.
What is the most massive planet compared with Jupiter?
The heaviest confirmed world below the brown-dwarf line, 2MASS J01033563-5515561 AB b, is about thirteen times Jupiter's mass, which is more than four thousand times the mass of Earth. Jupiter itself is 318 Earth masses.
How many exoplanets have a measured mass?
2,457 of the 6,370 confirmed exoplanets here carry a directly measured mass. The rest have a mass estimated from their radius, which is useful for describing a world and useless for ranking one at the extremes.
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