What is the most distant black hole ever detected?

The most distant black hole in this catalog is GW190403_051519, about 27.0 billion ly away: a merger detected not by light but by the ripple it sent through spacetime, which took billions of years to reach Earth. Everything about GW190403_051519

Most distant black hole
GW190403_051519
27.0 billion ly · 102 suns
The top 25
#Black holeDistanceMass
★ 1GW190403_05151927.0 billion ly102 suns
2GW230704_21261623.8 billion ly132 suns
3GW200308_17360923.2 billion ly88.0 suns
4GW241201_05575823.2 billion ly76.0 suns
5GW240621_21404122.2 billion ly73.0 suns
6GW241229_15584422.2 billion ly82.0 suns
7GW231119_07524821.9 billion ly79.0 suns
8GW230922_04065821.2 billion ly119 suns
9GW240527_18342920.9 billion ly80.0 suns
10GW231005_02103020.5 billion ly127 suns
11GW240612_08154020.2 billion ly88.0 suns
12GW190805_21113720.0 billion ly72.4 suns
13GW200220_06192819.6 billion ly141 suns
14GW240107_01321518.9 billion ly87.0 suns
15GW250118_02322518.9 billion ly71.0 suns
16GW231230_17011618.6 billion ly86.0 suns
17GW241116_15175318.6 billion ly95.0 suns
18GW241009_02283518.3 billion ly61.0 suns
19GW230806_20404117.9 billion ly82.0 suns
20GW240618_07162717.9 billion ly101 suns
21GW230630_12580617.6 billion ly80.0 suns
22GW240824_20560917.3 billion ly103 suns
23GW231113_15004117.0 billion ly82.0 suns
24GW250116_01531817.0 billion ly53.0 suns
25GW240601_06120016.6 billion ly82.0 suns

Showing the top 25 of 291 that qualify.

How we know

Nothing at the top of this table was seen. A pair of black holes spiralling together stretches and squeezes space itself, and detectors in the United States, Italy and Japan measure that stretching as a change in the length of a four-kilometre laser arm smaller than a proton. The signal's shape encodes both the masses and the distance, which is how an event billions of light-years away can be characterised without a single photon.

The distances here are luminosity distances, the standard measure for these events, and they carry wide uncertainties: the further away a merger is, the fainter and briefer its signal, so the error bars grow with the number. They also describe how far the light-equivalent signal travelled, which for the most distant events is a substantial fraction of the age of the universe.

Common questions

What is the most distant black hole ever detected?

The most distant black hole in this catalog is GW190403_051519, about 27.0 billion ly away: a merger detected not by light but by the ripple it sent through spacetime, which took billions of years to reach Earth.

How can a black hole be detected billions of light-years away?

By gravitational waves. When two black holes merge, they radiate more power for a fraction of a second than all the stars in the observable universe combined, in the form of ripples in spacetime. Detectors on Earth measure that ripple directly, which is why distance is far less of an obstacle than it is for telescopes.

How far away is the most distant one?

About 27.0 billion ly, for GW190403_051519. The merger happened long before the Earth existed, and the signal has been travelling ever since.

Why are the most distant black holes all mergers?

Because a merger is the only black-hole event loud enough to detect at that range. Ordinary black holes are found by light from the material around them, which fades with distance the way all light does; a gravitational-wave signal fades far more slowly.

Keep exploring: all records · every black hole we hold · the nearest black hole